Recycling Deprivation free essay sample

The chapter to be analyzed in this report is the # 9 â€Å"teenage births: recycling deprivation†, and the data come from 20 fonts from 1989 to 2006. What’s the model? In a simplified manner, the authors identify the following model: and exemplifies it through a gradient in teenage birth rates by household income, from poorest to richest.It’s also interesting to see in the study the correlation of household income vs. teenage births in some countries around the world, as demonstrated below: Teenage Births â€Å"One and a quarter million teenagers become pregnant each year in the rich OECD countries and about three quarters of a million go on to become teenage mothers. The differences in teen birth rates between countries are striking. In the USA the teenage birth rate is 52. 1 per 1000 women aged 15-19, more than ten times higher than Japan, which has a rate of 4. 6. †Teenage motherhood is part of the inter-generational cycle of deprivation and social exclusion, but dont limited to these. We will write a custom essay sample on Recycling Deprivation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, we should consider others reason such as: * Religion (predominant Catholics countries) * Race (African-Americans, Hispanic, etc) * Education (poor school performance, poor school attendance, low maternal education and no sexual orientation) * Family (family situations with regular conflict between members , violence and sexual abuse in childhood, family history of teenage pregnancies, unstable housing, arrangements , fathers absence) * low self-esteemWhat’s my construct? The Spirit Level argues that the difference in earnings between richest and poorest in developed societies is the source of teenage births, I agree with the authors that household income is the starting point, but I don’t agree the way that they formulate the hypotheses â€Å"household income cause teenage births†. The book charts how inequality, not average income, is the more accurate predictor of signs of distress in developed countries, for example. Also, they demonstrated that when average income levels reach a certain level, increases in wealth cease to have any impact on well-being.For me, lack of education (caused by unequal household income), plus others components mentioned above, are the main reasons of the problem. Based on my analyses as well, and as described in the book, I saw another important component: the â€Å"Future† of these families: teenage births and their children. The authors are very assertive when they mentioned their â€Å"future bleak†, and I also agree with them that these problems cannot be solved without first addressing the underlying structures of inequality.Doing a research (please see detail in the exhibit 1), I read that from 2007 to 2009 the teen birth rate declined 8% in US. Of course, they didn’t mention that number of births declined almost 8% as well, but go deep in my analyses I saw that â€Å"teen birth rate vs. # birth† has been declined during the last 20 years, and the most important I saw that GDP has been increasing and even during 2008 crisis, the â€Å"teen birth rate vs. # birth† still decreasing. Conclusion Correlation between components, statistical model, data of information are ery important topics for a measuring , but I don’t understand that this is main objective of the book (maybe I was not been critic enough); for me the main reason and the most contribution of â€Å"The Spirit of Level† are to create discomfort on people, society and government and the authors got it, as we can see reading many articles and debates about all themes. Exhibit 1: Teen birth rate hits historic low Posted at 11:30 AM ET, 02/ 2/2011 By Rob Stein The long decline in teen births, which had stalled for two years, seems to be back on track, federal health officials announced Wednesday.The teen birth rate declined 8 percent between 2007 and 2009, hitting a historic low of 39. 1 births per 1,000 teens ages 15 to 19, according to a new analysis from the National Center for Health Statistics. National Center for Health Statistics/CDC Moreover, the rates fell significantly for teens in all age groups and all racial and ethnic groups, pushing the rate for each age group and for nearly all race and ethnic groups to the lowest levels ever reported, according to the analysis. The new statistics confirm the governments preliminary analysis of the national data that was released in December.That showed the birth rate had dropped 6 percent between 2008 and 2009the second year in a row that the birthrate among teens fell. The 8 percent two-year decli ne bolstered hopes that an alarming 5 percent increase over the two previous years was an aberration. The birth rate for young teens ages 15 to 17 fell 6 percent between 2008 and 2009, the largest single-year drop since 2001. The rate for older teens, ages 18 and 19, also fell 6 percent, which was the largest single-year decline since 1972.The number of births to teenagers in 2009 fell to 409,840, which is the fewest since 1946 and 36 percent fewer than in 1970, which was the highest in history. The reason for the record low remains unclear. But some experts have attributed it to the recession, noting that the overall fertility rate as well as the total number of births in the United States fell a second straight year in 2009 as well. Others, however, suggested that the intense concern about the 2005 to 2007 increases and the attention it garnered may have gotten through to teens.Some data, for example, indicate that the use of birth control pills and other forms of contraception was increasing. The rise in teen pregnancies had triggered an intense debate about whether increased funding for sex-education programs that focus on encouraging abstinence may be playing a role. As a result, proponents of abstinence education welcomed the new data, saying they exonerated their approach. Critics, however, said the recession and efforts to increase contraceptive use was more likely the cause.Experts noted that despite the reduction, the teen birth rate in the United States remains far higher than that in other industrialized nations. The Obama administration has launched a $110 million teen pregnancy prevention effort that will support a range of programs, including those that teach about the risks of specific sexual activities and the benefits of contraception and others that focus primarily on encouraging teens to delay sex.